Nyaudzosingwi| Many Shona words for 101 English verbs

This post was last updated on 22 February 2024.

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Adverbs

Adverbs are words that modify or describe words such as verbs, adjectives, clauses, sentences, and even other adverbs. It is easy to think of adverbs as words ending with -ly, but that is not always the case really. Now, look at the example sentences below in which adverbs (in bold) have described a verb – ate, and an adjective – dry.

The dog ate quickly.

The grass had become very dry.

On the other hand, you could choose not to use adverbs and use a suitable verb. Instead of ‘ate quickly‘ you could have ‘gobbled,‘ and instead of ‘very dry‘ you could have ‘brittle.’

Nyaudzosingwi

Nyaudzosingwi could be used to achieve the same outcome as that from the use of adverbs. Taking the two examples above, in ChiShona we could use nyaudzosingwi as follows:

Imbwa yakangoti kabu kabu.

Uswa hwakanga hwati shwangu.

Each nyaudzosingwi has replaced both the verb/ adjective and the adverb.

You could also choose not to use nyaudzosingwi, and just use a suitable verb; ‘kabura‘ instead of kabu kabu, and ‘shwanguka‘ instead of ‘shwangu.‘

Verbs and nyaudzosingwi

For this post, however, I will look at verbs only. And now that you have some background, take a look at the following list of verbs and some nyaudzosingwi for each. The table is organised as follows.

verb	CHIITO
	nyaudzosingwi (explanation in English) Chirevo chine nyaudzosingwi.

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List of verbs and nyaudzosingwi

1. adhere	NAMATIRA
	namata (adhere strongly) Wotoshandisa guruu rakasimba kuti mapepa acho anyatsoti namata.
2. appear suddenly	DZUMBUNUKA
	dzumbunu (appear suddenly) Murairidzi akangoerekana ati mukirasi dzumbunu.
3. applaud (and cheer)	KUWERERA
	kuwerere (applaud loudly) Tose kuwerere! Nhasi timu yedu yahwinha!
4. apply carelessly	PUKUSHIRA
	pukushu pukushu (apply carelessly) Mafuta akangonzi pukushu pukushu.
5. approach stealthily	NYANGIRA
	nyangi nyangi (approach stealthily) Hatina kumunzwa achisvika nokuti akangoti nyangi nyangi.
6. arrive	SVIKA
	pfacha (arrive suddenly) Akangoerekana ati pfacha pamusha, vanhu vagere zvavo.
7. beat
… beat lightly	SVABURA
	svabu (beat lightly) Amai vakamuti svabu nekashamhu, mushure mokunge aita musikanzwa.
… beat severely	ZVAMBURA
	zvambu (beat severely) Akanzi zvambu kusvika adura zvakanga zvaitika.
8. bend	KOTAMA
	kota kota (bend over continuously (e.g. when hoeing)) Kota kota mubanimo.
9. bite (take small bite)	NYENYURA
	nyenyu (take a small bite) Akangoti pichisi nyenyu ndokuripotsera uko.
10. blink	BOIRA
	boi boi (blink shamefacedly) Akanga ongoti maziso boi boi.
11. blow
… blow away	PEPEREKA
	peperere (blow away) Mashizha aiti peperere nekuda kwekamhepo kaifura.
… blow gently	FEFETA
	fe-e (blow gently, steadily) Kamhepo kaiti fe-e, kachinzwika kutonhorera kumeso.
12. bounce	DHABHUKA
	dhabhu (bounce slowly, but high) Bhora rakasvikonoti dhabhu.
13. break
… break off a piece	NEPFURA
	nepfu (break easily) Akati chimedu chekeke nepfu achiratidza kunakirwa zvikuru.
… break with a snap	TYOKA
	ngotyo (break with a snap) Gumbo recheya rakati ngotyo Chenai ndokudonhera pasi.

The example I used on 8 is a Shona riddle. You can click here (riddle 25) to see what it means.

On 13, the words bring out different forms of ‘break.’ Nepfura is transitive (requires an object to receive the action). The intranstive form of is nepfuka. On the other hand, tyoka is intransitive, and the transitive form is tyora. In addition, there are many nyaudzosingwi for ‘break’ as there are many verbs. You can take a look at some of these here.

14. breathe heavily	HATAIKA
	hata hata (breathe heavily) Achingonzwa zvakanga zvaitika akati hata hata nehasha.
15. burn fiercely	RIRIMA
	ririri (burn fiercely) Mazirimi emwoto akati ririri nesango.
16. chew noisily	CHANYURA
	chanyau chanyau (chew noisily) Waingonzwa chanyau chanyau, chiri chimwana chaidya manhuchu.
17. clap
… clap hands repeatedly	KWAKWADZA
	kwa kwa kwa (clap as done by men) Kwa kwa kwa, makurukota akauchira achikwazisa Tambaoga .
… clap cupped hands	BUBUDZA
	bu bu bu (clap as done by women) Amai vakatenda mwana wavo, bu bu bu, “maita basa Chirandu.”
18. climb	KWIRA
	kanyan’anya (climb up quickly) Mbada yakati muti kanyan’anya.
19. cover	TIBIKA
	tiba (cover suddenly) Akanyangira kambwa nekumashure ndokunokati nejira tiba.
20. crack	TSEMUKA
	tsetserere (crack extensively) Chiringiriro chakati nepakati tsetserere.
21. crawl/ come out (long thing)	ZVAZVANUKA
	zvazvanu (crawl out like a long thing does) Zigarwe rakati zvazvanu richibuda munyanza.
22. crouch	HWATATA
	hwata (crouch quickly) Mbada yakati hwata ichigadzirira kusvarukira mhembwe yaiva seri kwechikwenzi.
23. depart
… depart quickly	HUTUKA
	hutu (depart quickly) Shungu akangosimudza bhegi rake ndiye hutu.
… depart unobtrusively	NYERUKA
	nyeru (depart unobtrusively) Akangoti nyeru vanhu vakavarairwa.
24. descend	BURUKA
	buru buru (descend quickly) Kwakatanga kunaya ari pamusoro pemba, iye ndokubva angoti nemanera buru buru.
25. describe (fully)	DONONGODZA
	donongo (describe fully) Musikana akamira pamberi pedare ndokuti donongo mamirire ainge akaita nzvimbo yakaitikira tsaona.
26. desire	DOKWAIRA
	dokwa dokwa (desire strongly) Mujubheki akanga ava nemakore asina kuenda kumusha. Aiti kungokufunga chete, mwoyo woti dokwa dokwa.
27. dig vigorously	KADABURA
	kadabu (vigorously) Muvaki aichera akasimudza piki ndokunoti pasi kadabu.
28. disarrange	BVANGANYURA
	bvandanyu (disarrange roughly) Zvose zvaingonzi bvandanyu, Shungu achitsvaga mari yake.
29. do	ITA
	si (do habitually) Maria anoti si netsika yake yekumhanya mangwanani oga oga.
	chichi (do intensely) Kana afunga zvake kuita basa anoti naro chichi.
30. dress	PFEKA
	popopo (dress smartly) Shungu akasvika pamuchato akati popopo.
31. drink
… drink noisily	GABIDIDZA
	gabidi gabidi (drink noisily) Waingonzwa gabidi gabidi, pfuko iri pamuromo.
… drink quickly	GWAKWAIDZA
	gwakwai (drink quickly) Akasimudza chipfuko, doro rose ndokunzi gwakwai.
… drink (up) completely	KWEKWETA
	kwekwetu (drink (up) completely) VaPfocho vakagadzika chipfuko pasi mushure mokunge doro rose variti kwekwetu.
… drink by taking a small mouthful	DZVUTA
	dzvutu (drink by taking a small mouthful) “Harisi kunaka here, iro ramangoti dzvutu muchibva maisa pfuko pasi?” vakadaro VaGogoti kuna VaPfocho.
32. drip	DONHA
	do do do (drip continuously) Mvura yakaswera ichingoti do do do kubva papombi yakanga isina kusungwa zvakasimba.
33. eat
… eat greedily	DZAURA
	dzau (eat greedily) Imbwa yakakandirwa bhonzo ndokuriti dzau.
… eat hungrily	KACHAURA
	kacha (eat hungrily) Mwana akanga anzwa nenzara. Akasvikogara pasi ndokuti ranjisi kacha.
… eat quickly	KABIRA
	kabu kabu (eat quickly) Anogoti kabu kabu kunge munhu ava negore asina kudya seiko?
… eat up completely	PEPETURA
	pepetu (eat up completely) Sadza rako ranga richinaka fani; ranzi rose pepetu.
34. enter	PINDA
	kwede (enter easily) Bhutsu dzakati kurei ndidzo dzitsvene. Tsoka inongonoti kwede.
	tititi (enter gently) Akazarura gonhi zvinyoronyoro achinoti tititi mumba.
	ngori (enter quickly) Kakonzo kakangoti ngori mumwena.
35. explain (fully)	DODORODZA
	dodoro (explain fully) Musikana akanyatsoti nyaya yake dodoro pamberi pedare.
36. fall (heavily and roll)	BHIDHIRIKA
	bhidhiri (fall heavily and roll) Muti uno mukuru wakarohwa nemheni ndokunoti bhidhiri pakati pemugwagwa.

There are many nyaudzosingwi for ‘fall’ as there are many verbs. You can take a look at these many forms here.

37. find unexpectedly	DUMBUNURA
	dumbunuru (find unexpectedly) Ndakazongoti dumbunuru bhutsu yandainge ndapedza mwedzi ndichitsvaga.
38. finish completely	TSVANGURA
	tsvangu (finish completely) Takazosara totemura mushure mokunge muriwo wose wanzi tsvangu.
39. fit loosely	NGURA-NGURA
	nguru nguru (fit loosely) Badza racho raingoti nguru nguru ndichisakura.
40. flash	N’AIKA
	n’a dzi n’a dzi (flash intermittently) Tochi yaiti n’a dzi n’a dzi imo murima.
41. flavour excessively	CHIKIDIDZA
	chikidi (flavour excessively) Munyu wakanzi chikidi mumuriwo.
42. flow noisily	KOPOTA
	kopo kopo (flow noisily) Rwizi rwakanga rwakazara, mvura ichiti kopo kopo.
43. follow in succession	PITIPIDZA
	pitipiti (follow in succession) Mombe dzakati pitipiti kupinda mudanga.
44. get up
… get up quickly	WASHUKA
	washu (get up quickly) Chenai angoti washu achibva atiza.
… get up weakly	TARATADZUKA
	taratadzu (get up weakly) Shingai akazosara oti taratadzu mbavha dzainge dzamurova dzatotiza.
45. glance shyly	DZVAZURA
	dzvau (glance shyly) Ndakabva ndamuti dzvau ndichisekerera.
46. glare angrily	DZVOKORA
	dzvoko (glare angrily) Akamuti dzvoko akavhurisa maziso nehasha.
47. go	ENDA
	nyn’a (go away and never return) Akabva azongoti nyn’a vasina kupedzerana.
… go out quickly	DHUGUKA
	dhu (go out quickly) Chenai angoti mumota dhugu achibva atiza.
48. grip firmly	MBANDIDZA
	mbandi (grip firmly) Mukomana akanga oda kutiza ndokubva anzi ruoko mbandi.

Dzvazura and dzvokora are both verbs for ‘tarisa,’ in the same way ‘glance’ and ‘glare’ are related to the verb ‘look.’

49. hang – head (sadly)	SURUDUDIKA
	surududu (hang head to show sadness) VaKufakunesu vakanga vogara vakati musoro surududu.
50. happen	ITIKA
	divi (happen unexpectedly) Mvura yakangoti divi zvokuti akashaya mukana wekubvisa hembe pawaya.
51. hold	BATA
	dzvi (hold firmly) Shungu akanga oda kusimuka ndokubva anzi ruoko dzvi naamai vake vainge vagere pedo naye.
	kwirivindi (hold by wrapping arms around) Akanga akanzi kwirivindi zvokuti akashaya kuti otiza sei.
52. jab painfully	NJODOGORA
	njodogo (jab painfully) Akanzi njodogo pachipfuva.
53. jump back	FETUKA
	fetu (jump back) Aifambisa, ndokungoerekana ati fetu.
54. kick backwards	PAGAMURA
	pagamu (kick backwards) Nhunzvi yehwai yakati gonhi pagamu richibva ravhurika.

55. kneel (fall slowly to knees)	RWODODOKA
	rwododo (fall slowly to one’s knees) Akadzadzarika ndokusvikonoti rwododo.
56. land	DONHERA
	ja (land heavily) Vakakanda saga rechibage rikasvikonoti ja pamusoro pemamwe.
57. laugh
… laugh sillily	PFIPFIDZA
	pfi pfi (laugh sillily) Tusikana twaingoti pfi pfi tuchizevezera.
… laugh heartily	GWIBUKA
	gwibu (laugh heartily) Akangomutarisa ndokubva ati gwibu zvake.
58. leave suddenly	SHAPURA
	shapu (leave suddenly) Akangoti shapu asina kumbotaura nemunhu.
59. listen intently	TETEKERA
	bengwa (listen intently) Akambomira kufamba ndokuti bengwa.
60. miss	KWASVA
	kwasve (miss narrowly) Bhora rakanoti gedhe kwasve.
61. move
… move apart	TARAMUKA
	taramu (move apart) Itii taramu murege kuungana pano.
… move jerkily	ZENGUKA
	zengu zengu (move jerkily) Mugwagwa wacho une makomba makomba, saka ngoro yanga ichingoti zengu zengu chibage chichirasikira mumugwagwa.
… move laboriously	KARAKATIKA
	karakata (move laboriously) Kakomana kaiti karakata kachizvuva zisaga rechibage.
… move quietly	VERERA
	verere (move quietly) Sekai achiona Simon, mukomana waakanga aramba zuro wacho, akabva ati verere achibva pamabiko.
… move slowly	NANAIRA
	nanai nanai (move slowly) Amai vakazvitakura vaifamba zvavo vachiti nanai nanai chindumurwa chavo chichitevera mumashure.

There are many English verbs that relate to motion. Nyaudzosingwi will help tell apart things such as a swift move from a slow move, and a smooth move from a jerky one. But then again, there are just as many ChiShona verbs!

62. penetrate deeply	TIPITIRA
	tipi tipi (penetrate deeply) Munzwa wakati tipi tipi muzigunwe rake.
63. pinch lightly and painfully	NDWIDZA
	ndwi (pinch lightly and painfully) Zipi yakamuti ndwi kumusana.
64. pour out small amount	TSVOTIDZA
	tsvoti (pour out small amount) Akatora mukaka ndokuti tsvoti mutii yake.
65. probe roughly	NJODOGORA
	njodogo (probe roughly) Akati njodogo mumwena netsvimbo.
66. put down	GADZIKA
	ji (put down heavily) Akatora bhokisi ndokuriti ji patafura.
… put down quickly	TSVETA
	tsve (put down quickly) Ndangosvikoti foni yake tsve patafura.
67. rain	NAYA
	wa wa wa (rain lightly) Mvura yakangoti wa wa wa ichibva yamira.
	kaka kaka (start to rain heavily) Mvura yakati kaka kaka vanhu vaiva panze ndokumhanyira mumba.
68. refuse	RAMBA
	chanja (refuse peremptorily)
	de (refuse rudely)
	kakava (refuse stubbornly)
69. rejoice	FARA
	faru (rejoice intensely)
70. remove
… remove article of clothing	KATANURA
	katanu(remove article of clothing) Akati bhachi katanu.
… remove forcefully	KWACHURA
	kwachu (remove forcefully) Akabata mapeji ose mubhuku ndokuati kwachu.
	WAWURA
	wau (remove violently (as wind does)) Denga remba rakanzi wawu nemhepo yaivhuvhuta zvine simba.
71. rise
… rise and go (many)	DZVAMUKA
	dzvamu (rise and go (many)) Vanhu vose vakabva vangoti dzvamu mushure memusangano.
… rise and stand slowly	MARAMANYIKA
	maramanya (rise and stand slowly) Akaona vanhu vose vamutarisa ndokubva ati maramanya.
… rise quickly and vigorously (from lying position)	KWARAKWASHUKA
	kwarakwashu (rise quickly and vigorously (from lying position)) Akaona imbwa ichimhanya yakamunanga ndiye kwarakwashu achibva atiza.

The many nyaudzosingwi for ‘rise’ speak to different ways, or different things. For instance, rising from sitting, rising smoke, and rising from sleep.

72. roll
	BVUMBURUKA
	bvumburu (roll on back in dusty ground) Akadonha kubva pabhasikoro ndokunoti bvumburu.
	BHIDHIRIKA
	bhidhiri bhidhiri (roll on ground, heavy resounding object) Danda rakadonhera pasi ndokusvikonoti bhidhiri bhidhiri.
73. run	MHANYA
	puka puka (run here and there, in search) Amai vakanga vongoti puka puka vakabata musoro.
	si (run after) Imbwa yakati katsi si.
	wiririri (run fast) Imbwa yakabvuta nyama ndokuti wiririri.
74. scratch
	GWABVURA
	gwabvu (scratch deeply) Aikwenya dumbu achiita zvekuti gwabvu.
	MWARAURA
	mwarau (scratch extensively with paws) Katsi yakamuti kumeso mwarau.
75. scream shrilly	NJIRIRIKA
	njiriri (scream shrilly) Kamwana kakati njiriri kachitamba zvako.
76. shine	PENYA
	jenen’ene (shine brightly)
	banan’ana (shine clearly)
77. shout	DEEDZERA
	tekedza (shout disrespectfully)
78. sit	GARA
	bwerekeshe (sit down on ground, ponderously and ungracefully) Zigadzi rakasvikoti pasi bwerekeshe.
	bamakata (sit down quietly, shyly) Akapinda ndokunoti bamakata pamberi pevanhu vese.
	pwasha (sit doing nothing) Akanga akangoti pweshe pamumvuri vamwe vachisakura.
	susuva (sit sorrowfully) Vakanga vari panze vakati susuva zvatakasvika tichibata maoko.

You will notice that the nyaudzosingwi for ‘sit’ do not only relate to the way in which one sits down, but also to one’s state while they are seated.

‘Gara‘ is an interesting type of verb; the action continues yet the act has been completed. As a result, for verbs of this nature the Shona forms of the simple non-recent past and present progressive tenses are the same. For example, ‘I sat’ is ‘Ndakagara,’ which is also what you would again use for ‘I am sitting’ .

For other verbs, those two sentences would not be similar. For example, ‘I ate’ is ‘Ndakadya.’ while ‘I am eating’ is ‘Ndiri kudya.’

Because of these differences, it is not unusual to hear a Shona language learner say ‘Ndiri kugara.’ (which is incorrect), instead of ‘Ndakagara.’

79. slap	ROVA
	ta (slap lightly) Akangonzi ta padama ndokubva aridza mhere.
… slap hard	DZEMURA
	dzemu (slap hard) Akanzi zimbama dzemu.
80. sleep deeply	PFODORA
	pfodo (sleep soundly) Akati hope pfodo masikati machena.
81. smile
… smile slightly	NYEKURA
	nyeku (smile slightly) Akangoti nyeku ndokubva atarisa pasi.
… smile toothlessly	VENYUKA
	venyu (smile toothlessly) Kamwana kacheche kakati venyu kakanditarisa.
82. speak
… speak confusedly	NZANZATA
	nzanza (speak confusedly) Aingoti nzanza zvekuti tose takafunga kuti aiva nemhosva.
… speak figuratively	DIMIKA
	dimi (speak figuratively) Akati dimi tikashaya kuti vairevei.
… say (something) aloud	BUFURA
	bufu (say (something) aloud) Ndaitya zvekuti handina kana kuti bufu.
83. spread (fire)	HAVAIRA
	hava (spread (fire)) Moto wakati hava nesango.
84. stab	BAYA
	bayu (stab quickly) Mbavha yakangomuti bayu padumbu ndokubvuta bhegi rake.
	bwa (stab strongly) Akatora banga ndokunoti saga bwa neshungu.
… stab deeply	TUBVURA
	tubvu (stab deeply) Akasimudza pfumo ndokunoti naro tubvu padumbu pemhembwe.
85. stand	MIRA
	ndingwi (stand stiffly) Mapurisa akaramba akati ndingwi, mutangamiriri wenyika achipfuura nepamberi pavo.
… stand in unmannerly way	MIRIZIKA
	mirizizi (stand in unmannerly way) ‘Vana vakatinyadzisa nekungoti mirizizi pamberi pevaenzi.
… stand weakly	RATYAMARA
	ratyama (stand weakly) Kamhuru kainge kachangozvarwa kakanga kakati ratyama, kachiita sekachapunzika.
86. stand up	SIMUKA
	nyamu (stand up quickly) Agara pachigaro asina kuona zvipikiri zvakarovererwapo; angoti nyamu pakarepo.
	kwanyanu (stand up slowly) Chembere yakati kwanyanu, ichiratidza kuti yairwadziwa zvikuru.
87. stare angrily	DZVOKORA
	dzvoko (stare angrily) Akanga akanzi dzvoko zvokuti haana kukwanisa kuzotaura zvaaida.+-
88. strike (heavily with open hand)	BHAMADZA
	bhama (strike heavily with open hand) Akanzi kumusana bhama, achibva anowira pasi.
89. sway	VHEYA
	vhe-e-vhe-e (sway backwards and forwards) Kamwana kakati vhe-e vhe-e kari pamuzerere.
90. suck noisily	KWEKWETA
	kwekwetu (suck noisily) VaPfocho vakabata mukombe vachibva vati doro kwekwetu.
91. swallow audibly	KUDYURA
	kudyu(swallow audibly) Ndakakanda chimusuva chesadza mukanwa ndokubva ndangochiti kudyu.
92. swell
… swell quickly	TUTURUKA
	tu tu tu zai (swell quickly) Ndarumwa pamuromo uchibva wangoti tu tu tu zai, pakarepo.
… swell visibly	FUTUNUKA
	futunu (swell visibly) Miromo yake yakanga yakati futunu.
93. talk
… talk quickly/ a great deal	ROPORA
	ropo (talk quickly) Tose takaramba takamutarisa achingoti ropo.
… talk carelessly	BVOTOMOKA
	bvoto (talk without thinking) Maidei akabva ati zvese bvoto, amai vake vakashaya pekupinda nenyadzi.
… talk nonsesne	PWESHUKA
	pwetere pwetere (talk nonsense) Hapana aimbomuteerera achingoti pwetere pwetere.
94. think	FUNGA
	kutu kutu (think deeply) Akati kutu kutu kufunga agere zvake chinyararire mumumvuri weberevere remba.
95. uncover	FUGURA
	fugu (uncover quickly) Simon akabata jira ndokuriti kamwechete fugu, apa hana ichirova zvakasimba.
96. vomit	RUTSA
	ho (vomit noisily) Akangoti achipedza kumedza, ndiye pakarepo ho kurutsa.
… vomit suddenly	BUKURA
	buku (vomit suddenly) Akati buku agere, marutsi achibva anoti patya pabhuku raiva pagumbo.
97. wake up
… wake up suddenly	PARAPATIKA
	parapata (wake up suddenly) Paakatema imbwa yaiva ivete, yakabva yati parapata, simu, ichibva yatiza.
98. walk
… walk slowly, tiredly	GWEDAIRA
	gweda gweda (walk slowly, tiredly) Zigadzi rakanga rongoti gweda gweda, rodzokera kumba, badza riri pafudzi.
… walk gently	NYAVAIRA
	nyava nyava (walk gently) Wotoita zvekuti nyava nyava uchipinda mubhedhuru, nokuti mune mwana avete.
… walk briskly	PIKUKA
	piku piku (walk briskly) Mukoti akati piku piku achienda kunobatsira murwere akanga achangopinda mukiriniki.
99. work	SHANDA
	rengwende rengwende (work half-heartedly) Sakuro haraifamba naivo vakomana vaingoti rengwende rengwende.
100. wrestle	KIKIRIKA
	kikiri kikiri (wrestle strenously) Varume vaviri vakabatana huro ndokuti kikiri kikiri.
101. wrinkle	FENENYEDZA
	fenenya (wrinkle disdainfully) Vakaramba vakamutarisa, apa kumeso kwakanzi fenenya.

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What is 'mutupo,' and why does it matter?

I really hope this goes a long way in helping you with understanding nyaudzosingwi. Currently, most words do not have example sentences. These are way too many words to get it done soon enough! I will however be continually updating, so stay in touch!

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The analyses on grammar, and examples used, are based on my understanding. They are given in no professional or expert capacity. Ideophones were sourced from Hannan S.J, Standard Shona Dictionary (Revised Edition, College Press). Illustration of sheep knocking down door is by Jesse Breytenbach, and was published under a CC BY 4.0 license on StoryWeaver.

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The most sought-after information on my blog relates to mutupo. To help you, my readers, I am compiling a list of mitupo. I will share this with you once I’m done. Your email address will not be shared publicly.

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